Genealogy & DNA research
Practical guidance on tests, matches and genetic genealogy.
Autosomal DNA, Y-DNA and mtDNA examine different parts of a family line. The chooser below shows which type may suit your question.
Besides your research question, compare the test type, match database size, privacy controls, data downloads and possible subscription costs.
A DNA match is a clue, not proof of one specific relationship. Shared DNA, shared matches, clusters, family trees and records help distinguish between the possibilities.
DNA
Answer three short questions. The result is a starting point, not personal research advice. Your answers stay in your browser.
This test compares DNA across many family lines and is usually most useful for relatives within roughly five to seven generations.
For sound conclusions, combine matches, shared DNA and family trees with documentary records.
Y-DNA follows the direct paternal line and can help investigate a shared male ancestor, surname or paternal lineage.
Only a man can take a Y-DNA test. A woman can ask a suitable man from that exact paternal line, such as a brother or paternal uncle.
mtDNA follows the direct maternal line and can help investigate a shared female ancestor or a specific maternal lineage.
Men and women can take an mtDNA test, but only women pass it to their children.
Start broadly with autosomal DNA and add Y-DNA or mtDNA for the specific direct paternal or maternal line.
Choose the tester carefully: Y-DNA requires a man from the correct paternal line.
Describe what you want to find out and what information you already have.
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